Determinación de las propiedades físicas, composición química, evaluación de la actividad biológica y antioxidante del aceite esencial de la especie Annona cherimola (chirimoya) del cantón Cariamanga de la provincia de Loja

Abstract

Annona cherimola. Known as cherimoya, is an aromatic plant characterized by the presence of numerous bioactive substances of various chemical nature and by its insecticidal and antiparasitic activity. The essential oil of this plant was extracted by distillation. Its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to CG / EM mass spectrometry and the CG / FID flame ionization detector. The biological activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method, expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the antioxidant activity by two spectrophotometric methods ABTS + and DPPH. Likewise the physical properties of the essential oil were determined. It was identified 30 compounds that represent 94.05 % of the essential oil, its main compounds are: Germacrene D (21,83 %); Sabinene (8.94 %); Β-Elemene (7.99 %); Bicyclogermacrene (6.22 %). The density of the oil was 0.9472 g / cm3, refractive index: 1.4713 and optical activity of -61. 84º. As for the biological activity of the essential oil it turned out to be inactive for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria used in this study. The essential oil showed antioxidant activity with a percentage of decrease of 89.57 % for ABTS + and for DPPH of 99.91 %.