http://dspace.utpl.edu.ec/handle/123456789/52373 2026-11-04T12:17:06Z 2026-11-04T12:17:06Z Torres Matailo, Ana Paula http://dspace.utpl.edu.ec/handle/29.500.19856/84834 2026-10-15T13:14:10Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Prácticas de contratación y las razones del incumplimiento legal en prácticas de seguridad ocupacional: estudio sobre la percepción de empleadores que contratan trabajadores informales de construcción Authors: Torres Matailo, Ana Paula Abstract: Abstract: Informal employment in Ecuador's construction sector remains a key issue that hinders compliance with legal obligations regarding occupational health and safety, particularly in the city of Loja, where temporary hiring for small-scale projects is common. Research shows that employers often rely on verbal agreements, forgo formal contracts, make informal payments, and fail to register workers with the IESS (Social Security Institute); these practices undermine employer accountability and heighten workplace risks. Against this backdrop, this study aims to understand how informal hiring practices influence employers' perceptions of responsibility regarding workplace safety and to identify the reasons cited for regulatory non-compliance. By examining the significant link between hiring informality and a diminished sense of responsibility for occupational health and safety, the findings will shed light on how informality shapes workplace safety management and provide valuable insights for developing strategies to raise awareness and foster a culture of prevention within the construction sector. Description: Resumen:El trabajo informal en el sector de la construcción en Ecuador persiste como una problemática central que limita el cumplimiento de las obligaciones legales en seguridad y salud ocupacional, especialmente en la ciudad de Loja donde las contrataciones temporales en obras menores son frecuentes. Investigaciones evidencian que los empleadores recurren a acuerdos verbales, falta de contratos, pagos informales y ausencia de afiliación al IESS, lo cual debilita la responsabilidad patronal y aumenta los riesgos laborales. Frente a esta situación, el presente estudio busca comprender cómo las prácticas de contratación informal influyen en la percepción de responsabilidad de los empleadores respecto a la seguridad laboral y las razones que justifican el incumplimiento normativo. Cuando se habla de que existe una relación significativa entre la informalidad en la contratación y la baja percepción de responsabilidad en seguridad y salud ocupacional los resultados permitirán comprender cómo la informalidad condiciona la gestión de la seguridad laboral y aportarán insumos útiles para proponer estrategias de sensibilización y fortalecimiento de la cultura preventiva en el sector construcción.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Pérez Romero, Jadie David http://dspace.utpl.edu.ec/handle/29.500.19856/84801 2026-10-15T13:13:19Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Caracterización de las condiciones de seguridad y salud ocupacional en trabajadores informales del sector de la construcción: estudio de línea base en la ciudad de Zamora, provincia de Zamora Chinchipe Authors: Pérez Romero, Jadie David Abstract: Abstract: Occupational health and safety in the informal construction sector is characterized by recurring issues such as risk exposure, limited use of preventive measures, and low social protection coverage. Studies have linked these conditions to a lack of formal employment and the absence of structured preventive management systems, highlighting the need to analyze how these dynamics manifest in local contexts. Accordingly, this research examined occupational health and safety conditions among informal workers in the city of Zamora, testing the hypothesis that informality correlates with higher risk exposure and less systematic use of protective measures. The study employed a descriptive design with a mixed-methods approach; structured surveys, direct observation, and the GTC-45 matrix were applied to a sample of 160 workers selected via non-probabilistic sampling, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results indicate a predominance of mechanical and physical risks, concentrated at moderate levels but also including high-level risks. Significant accident rates were observed specifically falls and cuts consistent with the identified risks. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was found to be inconsistent, characterized by partial availability and disparities between basic and specialized gear; furthermore, low social security enrollment and limited access to formal medical care were noted. The findings suggest that working conditions involve constant risk exposure, unsystematic use of preventive measures, and restricted social protection coverage, underscoring the need to strengthen safety training, promote preventive practices, and facilitate access to protection mechanisms tailored to informal work. Description: Resumen:La seguridad y salud ocupacional en la construcción informal ha sido abordada como un campo donde la exposición a riesgos, el uso limitado de medidas preventivas y la baja cobertura de protección social se presentan de forma recurrente; distintos estudios han señalado que estas condiciones se asocian con la falta de formalización laboral y con la ausencia de sistemas estructurados de gestión preventiva, lo que plantea la necesidad de analizar cómo se manifiestan estas dinámicas en escenarios locales; bajo esta base, la investigación buscó analizar las condiciones de seguridad y salud ocupacional en trabajadores informales de la ciudad de Zamora, considerando la hipótesis de que la informalidad se relaciona con mayor exposición a riesgos y menor uso sistemático de medidas de protección. El estudio se desarrolló mediante un diseño descriptivo con enfoque mixto; se aplicaron encuestas estructuradas, observación directa y la matriz GTC-45 a una muestra de 160 trabajadores seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico; el análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva. Los resultados muestran predominancia de riesgos mecánicos y físicos, con concentración en niveles medios y presencia de niveles altos; se evidencia accidentabilidad relevante con eventos como caídas y cortes, coherentes con los riesgos identificados; el uso de equipos de protección personal se presenta de manera irregular, con disponibilidad parcial y diferencias entre equipos básicos y especializados; además, se observa baja afiliación al sistema de seguridad social y acceso limitado a atención médica formal. Se interpreta que las condiciones laborales se caracterizan por exposición constante a riesgos, uso no sistemático de medidas preventivas y cobertura restringida de protección social, lo que orienta la necesidad de fortalecer la capacitación en seguridad, promover prácticas preventivas y facilitar el acceso a mecanismos de protección adaptados al trabajo informal.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Cuadros Gualpa, Fátima Lizbeth http://dspace.utpl.edu.ec/handle/29.500.19856/83729 2026-09-23T12:54:40Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Evaluación de riesgo biológico en los trabajadores recolectores de basura del municipio de Atacames con la metodología Biogaval Authors: Cuadros Gualpa, Fátima Lizbeth Abstract: Abstract: Microorganisms have evolved and developed new forms of adaptation that increase their ability to affect human beings, especially in work activities where protection measures are insufficient. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological risk among garbage collectors of the Atacames municipality using the Biogaval methodology. For this purpose, variables such as the classification of microorganisms, routes of transmission, incidence rate, vaccination coverage, frequency of exposure, and implemented hygiene measures were analyzed. The application of the Biogaval methodology made it possible to identify the presence of Bacillus anthracis, hepatitis, HIV, Mycobacterium spp. (Tuberculosis), and Brucella spp. among garbage collectors. All of them were classified in risk group 3 due to their ability to cause serious diseases. The routes of transmission were analyzed, highlighting Mycobacterium spp. as the agent with the greatest potential for spread. The evaluation of the incidence rate showed a low probability for Bacillus anthracis and Brucella spp., while HIV and tuberculosis presented a higher risk. In addition, deficiencies in hygiene measures were identified, which increase occupational exposure. The study achieved its objective of determining the level of biological risk in solid waste collection workers, obtaining an average value of 6.6, which does not exceed the established biological exposure limit. However, the results showed a moderate exposure to biological agents due to constant contact with potentially contaminated waste and certain practices carried out during the workday. Likewise, deficiencies were identified in hygiene measures and in the condition or proper use of personal protective equipment. Finally, the Biogaval methodology proved to be a practical, accessible, and efficient tool for the assessment of occupational biological risks. Keywords: biological risk, occupational health, Biogaval. Description: e y eficiente para la evaluación de riesgos biológicos ocupacionales.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Molina Asanza, Krystel Nicole http://dspace.utpl.edu.ec/handle/29.500.19856/83613 2026-09-23T12:53:43Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Análisis postpandémico del impacto psicosocial del teletrabajo sobre la salud ocupacional Authors: Molina Asanza, Krystel Nicole Abstract: Abstract: From COVID-19, teleworking was consolidated as a permanent work modality, where certain significant transformations were developed within economic, social, political and educational entities, posing certain challenges that would put occupational health at stake specifically in the psychosocial field. Previous studies have indicated that stress, digital fatigue and anxiety are considered derived from the prolonged use of technological devices, lack of limits in working times and too much pressure in compliance with pending within their work. The objective of this study is to analyze the psychosocial impact of teleworking on the occupational health of the administrative officials of the New Swan Production Company, developing a non-experimental and descriptive research, through the application of instruments such as questionnaire with a Likert scale and interviews with the reduced population of 12 officials belonging to the evidence of the presence of risks that are taken into consideration for the descriptive interpretation. The results showed that civil servants presented moderate levels of stress and anxiety, while in digital fatigue moderate levels manifest themselves more than anything in the area associated with prolonged time in front of electronic devices, visual discomfort and difficulty disconnecting from the working day. In the same way, an imbalance between personal and work life was identified, which constitutes one of the main psychosocial risk factors perceived in the work modality. It is concluded that, although teleworking is a functional work alternative in the post-pandemic context, it still implies psychosocial risks that can affect occupational health, when there are no adequate strategies, schedule delimitation and prevention, so these actions aimed at the prevention of psychosocial risks must be strengthened, promoting the well-being of administrative officials. Description: ciales, promoviendo el bienestar de los funcionarios administrativos.

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