Aislamiento e identificación de metabolitos secundarios de las hojas y flores de Gaiadendron punctatum (violeta de campo) G.Don. utilizada como especie medicinal por la comunidad indígena Saraguro en el sur del Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract: The isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites of the plant species Gaiadendron punctatum was carried out, used by the Saraguro indigenous people in the canton of the same name, province of Loja in Ecuador, to cure different conditions, especially respiratory conditions. The procedure began with the collection of the species in the Saraguro canton, and then drying, weighing and separating the leaves and flowers. The leaf extract was immediately obtained by maceration with different solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, methanol:water (7:3) and ethanol) and the flower extract (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). The extracts of ethyl acetate and ethanol from the leaves, and hexane and methanol from the flowers were fractionated by column chromatography, based on the richness of compounds given by thin layer chromatography. The resulting fractions were purified by microcolumns and preparative chromatography, isolating 17 secondary metabolites, of which 15 are different. Structural elucidation was carried out by means of NMR and GC-MS, identifying the compounds: lupeol, lupenone, β-sitosterol, artubotryside A and several flavonoids glycosated from quercetin and kaempferol.