Factores de riesgo para desarrollar cáncer de piel tipo Melanoma

Abstract

Abstract: Melanoma is a rare malignancy but responsible for the majority of deaths from skin cancer. Since its origin lies in the melanocytes, it can develop both in the skin and in the mucous membranes, reporting more cases at the skin level. The objective of this review was identify the risk factors for developing melanoma-type skin cancer, for which the methodology used was based on the descriptive observational method, through which a search and selection of scientific articles was carried out through different electronic databases, respecting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Regarding the results obtained, ultraviolet radiation is indicated as the main risk factor, this added to other factors such as: the number of genotypic variants of MC1R, skin phototypes I or II, the high count of typical nevi or the presence of dysplastic nevi; it can increase the risk even more. In addition, it was identified that occupational exposure to pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, or cadmium consumption above the recommended values can make the subject more susceptible and greatly increase the risk of developing the neoplasia.