Complicaciones posnatales en los recién nacidos pretérminos

Abstract

Abstract:Introduction: Worldwide each year, 15 million premature babies are born, with postnatal complications being the main cause of neonatal mortality, the sequelae of which are part of the causes of infant mortality; constituting prematurity a public health problem. Objective: To identify postnatal complications in preterm newborns between 28 and 32 weeks. Method: A narrative bibliographic review was carried out, by means of a structured search, in the databases PudMed, Elvieser, SciELO, Lilacs, Cochrame and manual search; on articles involving complications in very preterm newborns. Results: The most frequent complications found in the review were respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, interventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Preeclampsia, hemorrhagic in the third trimester of pregnancy and multiple pregnancy were the main risk factors and; neurological disorders, visual and hearing problems are sequelae of prematurity. Conclusions: The most frequent complication is respiratory and the most relevant predisposing factor is maternal. The lack of studies focused on the very preterm was evidenced, in contrast to the extensive information on late and extreme preterm.