Efectos de la pandemia en los niveles de empleo y desempleo en Ecuador. Periodo 2019-2021

Abstract

Abstract: Ecuador has historically presented high levels of unemployment associated with structural factors such as low economic dynamism, high levels of poverty, high informality, etc. Where barely 30% of the population has adequate employment and unemployment has experienced a practically constant behavior. For this reason, the present work set out to determine the behavior of employment and unemployment in Ecuador in the period 2019-2021, applying a type of descriptive-observational research, using the qualitative method and the documentary technique. It was found that adequate employment deteriorated during the pandemic, which caused it to decrease by around 21%, almost at the same level as other types of jobs that are precarious, such as underemployment, or less than full employment, which increased by 28% and 0.7% respectively. Something similar occurs at the urban and rural level, however, in the latter sector, non-full employment is the prevailing one, while women were the gender most affected. In this context, the implications of the most effective public policies to encourage employment would be fiscal stimuli and access to credit.