Enterobacterales Productoras de Betalactamasas de Espectro Extendido (BLEE) y Carbapenemasas en Pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Isidro Ayora de la ciudad de Loja

Abstract

Abstract: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms lacking a nucleus and cell membrane. These microorganisms are found in multiple environments. The human being has normal microbiota but can also be affected by pathogenic bacteria. Some pathogens present bacterial resistance which makes it impossible for antibiotics to reach its target thus avoiding having an optimal effect. Some of the resistance mechanisms bacteria are alteration of the PBP receptor site, efflux pumps and the presence of beta-lactamases and carbapenemases which cause serious problems in the health system. Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases are bacteria that can cause nosocomial infections so it is It is important to identify these strains in patients from different health homes. To this end, The present work carried out analysis of rectal swab samples in older patients 18 years old who were treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Hospital General Isidro Ayora for the identification of EBLEE and EPC in the period of November 2022 to February 2023. The results obtained from 22 samples analyzed showed a clear incidence of EBLEE and EPC. 22.7% of the samples (5/22) were positive for Escherichia coli and the 9.1% (2/22) for Klebsiella pneumoniae as EBLEE and 4.5% (1/22), Klebsiella oxytoca, as an EPC producer. These results coincided with others developed in other health houses in Ecuador and Latin America. Therefore, it is recommended that the hospital increase biosafety measures to prevent the spread of these microorganisms at the intrahospital level, especially in vulnerable areas.