Clasificación de indicadores ambientales y gestión de la calidad del agua mediante el modelo Presión-Estado Respuesta (PER), caso de estudio: cuenca del río Machinaza

Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to determine environmental and quality indicators using the Pressure-State-Response (PER) method in the Machinaza River basin. The PER methodology was used to identify pressures, status and responses related to water resources management. Qualitative surveys were carried out 78 local residents of Tundayme and Machinaza Alto, as well as 10 technicians from different institutions, to identify the main pressures derived from human activities and anthropogenic in the study area. This process allowed the main contaminants of the river to be identified using the method ICA-CCME, and evaluating them with the quality criteria of the TULSMA regulations. The quality of the water was rated as poor, indicating a deteriorated state of the basin and a lack of concrete responses to counteract the adverse effects that limit these resources. The main pressures identified include illegal mining and solid waste. Using the Likert scale, the degree of impact and perceived satisfaction was evaluated, revealing a critical state of the basin and unsatisfied responses; highlighting the importance and need to implement stricter policies to control and sanction activities that threaten the health of the basin's ecosystems.