Crisis económicas en la época republicana: causas y consecuencias.

Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the causes and consequences of economic crises in Ecuador, as well as the policies and strategies used to overcome them. The study focuses on analyzing the social and economic stability of the country. The methodology employed includes a qualitative and bibliographic-documentary approach, gathering and analyzing non numerical data from reliable sources such as the Central Bank of Ecuador, the IMF, and the World Bank. The analysis includes a study of the economic crises that have affected Ecuador, including the cocoa crisis (1920), the external debt crisis (1982-1985), the banking crisis (1998-1999), the global economic crisis (2008-2009), the economic crisis (2014-2017), and the COVID-19 economic crisis (2020). The results indicate that Ecuador has experienced periods of economic growth but also of contraction and recession, attributable to factors such as oil price volatility, lack of productive diversification, import dependence, and fiscal imbalances. This has hindered achieving sustainable growth. Public policy should be oriented in various directions, such as implementing expansive fiscal policies, promoting productive diversification, and reducing import dependence. In particular, it is suggested to implement public investment policies in infrastructure, promote the development of strategic sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing, and decrease import dependence through tariff measures and incentives for domestic production.