Economía Negra: un enfoque a partir de indicadores.

Abstract

Abstract: The black economy, also known as the informal economy or informal sector, refers to economic activities that take place outside formal and legal channels. This includes undeclared work, illegal trade in goods and services and unrecorded financial flows. Under this context, the objective of this research is to propose indicators of the black economy in a way that allows it to be quantified and obtain a deeper understanding of this part of the economy and its implications. For which economic indicators were established such as: tax evasion, informal employment, unregistered foreign trade, inflation, unemployment and trade balance, technical sheets detailing these indicators, including their definition, measurement method, formulas, limitations and data sources. It is recommended to implement. The results of the application of these indicators in Ecuador during the period 2018-2023 reveal trends such as the increase in informal employment, the rebound in inflation and the persistence of trade surpluses. A comprehensive policy is recommended to promote economic formalization and sustainable development. This includes simplifying regulations, strengthening institutional capacity, improving access to finance for small businesses, investing in education and training, and introducing technologies that facilitate the transition to formalization.