Estudio experimental y evaluación del ciclo de vida de residuos plásticos como agente aglutinante en sustitución del cemento para la fabricación de bloques ecológicos

Abstract

Abstract: The reuse of plastic waste in construction is a key strategy to promote sustainability in the building sector, with the aim of extending the useful life cycle of these materials and reducing their environmental impact. In particular, the integration of recycled plastics into construction material production presents a viable alternative to traditional cement, offering physical and chemical properties comparable to conventional blocks. The HDPE plastic melt-compression process produces a homogeneous, solid mixture which can be used as a partial substitute for cement in block manufacture. This technique not only helps to decrease the demand for cement, but also encourages recycling and reuse of plastic materials, contributing positively to the environment. To implement this innovation, it is essential to determine the optimal dosage of HDPE plastic in relation to cement (5% cement, 50% sand and 45% plastic). This involves a detailed analysis of the appropriate proportions to ensure that the final product maintains its structural and functional properties throughout its life. In addition, the life cycle of these recycled materials needs to be assessed to understand their durability and performance in long-term applications. The ecological blocks are made from recycled materials, which gives them a second life. Throughout its life cycle, raw materials have been treated, distributed, processed, produced and used to continue being recycled thanks to its high HDPE composition. For this reason, the scope of the ecological block LCA corresponds to a cradle-to-cradle analysis. Concrete blocks, on the other hand, cannot be recycled, after their end of life they are simply discarded, so their life cycle fits in the definition from cradle to grave.