Análisis morfométrico de tres especies de Solanum del grupo Lycopersicon: Efecto de la variabilidad ambiental, geográfica y genética.

Abstract

The present work was developed at the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. With the objective of analyzing the morphological variety of three Solanum species of the Lycopersicon group. Plants were subjected to two different environments or climatic conditions (controlled conditions and open field), a total of 29 accessions of Solanum were obtained from the UTPL seed bank belonging to S. pimpinellifolium, S. habrochaites and S. neorickii. For this, 39 quantitative and qualitative morphological characters were evaluated. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), identifying which characters were significantly influenced (p < 0,001) in relation to the environmental conditions. Parallely a Principal Component Analysis was carried out where eigen vectors ≥ 0,70 in main components was used to identify which characters were correlated with each other and on which accessions. Subsequently it was used in cluster analysis or dendrogram by the UPGMA method from the Euclidian distances to identify the classification of the materials. The evaluated materials showed a wide morphometric variability due to the influence of the conditions in which they were found so that the characters of the fruit and those of inflorescences and flowers are those for which there were the most significant differences as well as the correlation of these characters. The quantitative traits showed that S. habrochaites is the species with the greatest diversity (measured as morphological variability).