Factores psicosociales y familiares de riesgo y protección en el consumo de sustancias en adolescentes que estudian en una Unidad Educativa Fiscal de la ciudad de Loja durante el periodo lectivo 2017-2018.

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine the risk factors produced by substance abuse and determine the psychosocial protection from substance abuse in students of a fiscal educational institution in the city of Loja during the 2017-2018 school year; and develop an intervention program based on the results. The sample consists of 64 students from 11 to 18 years old. The research is quantitative, transversal and prospective. The Youth Survey (CTCYS) was applied. The results show that psychoactive substances consumed by students are alcohol (33.3%), tobacco (28.9%) and marijuana (6.7%). The age of consumption of each substance: alcohol: 15.48 years, tobacco: 15.61 years, and marijuana: 17.4 years. The protection factors identified in the consumption of the three substances belong to the community and school spheres; while the risk factors belong to those of the community, family, school, individual / equals. The proposed intervention program must be implemented, since the family, the community and the school have the responsibility to provide and apply protective factors to prevent and detect the abuse of psychoactive substances in the environment.