Salarios Mínimos y Desigualdad Salarial: una revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Abstract: This study analyzes the implications of the minimum wage in reducing wage inequality, highlighting its benefits and limitations as an economic policy tool. Through a systematic review, it was found that in Ecuador, the minimum wage has increased from $57 in 2000 to $450 in 2023. However, the country remains at a disadvantage compared to more established economies such as Costa Rica and Chile. The results highlight that wage increases improve purchasing power and reduce disparities, but also generate risks such as inflation, labor informality, and persistent inequality. Furthermore, a gender wage gap and structural barriers that affect equity in the labor market persist. The empirical and theoretical analysis revealed that methodological approaches influence the conclusions about the impact of the minimum wage, showing both improvements in productivity and unemployment risks. In this context, it is recommended to implement public policies based on scientific evidence to promote sustainable increases in the minimum wage, strengthen social protection, and guarantee equitable working conditions, thus fostering inclusive economic growth.