Seroprevalencia a Coxiella burnetii en ovinos en Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract: This study evaluated the seroprevalence of Q fever, a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, in sheep in Ecuador using the indirect ELISA technique. Analysis of 970 serum samples from 315 sheep farms located in the provinces of Loja, Azuay, Cañar, Chimborazo, Tungurahua, Cotopaxi, Bolívar, Pichincha, Imbabura and Carchi was performed. The findings revealed a real seroprevalence of 1.33%, with fluctuations of up to 3.1% between groups. Pichincha recorded the highest prevalence (9.3%), while Cañar the lowest (1.5%). This study shows notable variations in the distribution of the disease, probably linked to the extensive management of sheep flocks, marked by direct contact between animals and the natural environment, elements that promote exposure to the bacteria. The study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii in sheep and to develop a distribution map of the disease, which will serve as a basis for designing prevention and control strategies. This study constitutes the first large-scale analysis of Q fever in sheep in South America, providing key information for animal health and public health.