Restauración ecológica en ecosistemas tropicales terrestres. Análisis de estrategias implementadas y logros obtenidos

Abstract

Abstract: Terrestrial tropical ecosystems are crucial for maintaining global ecological processes and providing essential ecosystem services. However, these ecosystems face severe threats such as deforestation, climate change, and socioeconomic pressures, leading to significant degradation. In response to these challenges, ecological restoration emerges as a fundamental process for recovering ecosystem functions and biodiversity in degraded areas. This study systematically reviewed (using the PRISMA statement) the effectiveness of restoration strategies implemented in Neotropical terrestrial ecosystems. A total of 28 scientific articles were analyzed after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings highlight that the effectiveness of restoration depends on ecosystem-specific factors, socioeconomic contexts, and the integration of active and passive strategies. Among the strategies analyzed, revegetation with native species and nucleation proved particularly effective in improving biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and soil quality. The study concludes that tropical ecosystem restoration must be tailored to the specific conditions of each area, integrating and combining different approaches to achieve optimal results.