Revisión sistemática de la propagación in vitro y establecimiento de Vanilla planifolia para su conservación sostenible

Abstract

Abstract: Vanilla planifolia is a plant of great economic and cultural importance, widely used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, it faces significant challenges, such as overexploitation and climate change, underscoring the need to develop sustainable strategies for its conservation. The objectives of this study were to carry out a bibliographic review on the in vitro propagation of V. planifolia, establish methodological conditions for its propagation and analyze the benefits of this technique for the conservation of the species. A descriptive and non-experimental methodology was used, based on a systematic review of 62 key studies published between 1975 and 2024. The main results show that immature seeds grown on MS medium without growth regulators under dark conditions achieved 90% germination. Additionally, critical factors such as capsule size, light and temperature conditions, and the use of activated carbon to improve rooting are identified. The findings highlight that in vitro culture is a fundamental tool for the sustainable conservation of V. planifolia. It allows the massive and rapid propagation of pathogen-free plants, preserves genetic diversity and facilitates reintroduction into natural habitats.