Evolución del sistema mediático y la libertad de expresión en medios de comunicación pública. Caso de estudio: Diario el Telégrafo, Ecuador TV y Radio Pública del Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract: The study analyses the evolution of the public media system in Ecuador, focusing on Diario El Telégrafo, Ecuador TV and Radio Pública del Ecuador between 2007 and 2024. The main problem lies in the state influence and the lack of editorial independence of public media, factors that affect freedom of expression and information pluralism. The Organic Law of Communication of Ecuador (LOC-2013) and its reforms have attempted to determine these challenges, but structural weaknesses persist. The objective of the research is to identify the changes in the media map and their impact on freedom of expression. The methodology includes a qualitative approach, based on documentary analysis and 4 semi-structured interviews with key experts. According to the Public Media Registry (2023), of the 893 media registered in Ecuador, only 3.3% are public, evidencing a lack of compliance in the equitable distribution of the radio spectrum stipulated in the (LOC-2013). The results reveal that public media have been used as tools of government propaganda, affecting their credibility and sustainability. Financial problems are identified due to the dependence on state funds and the lack of self-management strategies. The quality of the content depends on the educational level of the staff. For example, Ecuador TV has implemented inclusive programs, but faces technological and financing limitations. Public Radio, on the other hand, has made progress in self-management, but still has challenges in modernization. In conclusion, challenges persist in autonomy, sustainability and information diversity, despite greater access to information.