Determinación de la frecuencia de polimorfismos de los genes detoxificadores en fumadores y su relación con el estado de salud

Abstract

Abstract:Smoking is one of the main causes of respiratory diseases and lung cancer. The study of polymorphisms in the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes is important for understanding the variability in response to the effects of smoking and how they influence detoxification capacity. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of these polymorphisms in a population of smokers from the canton of Loja and to analyze their relationship with individual health status. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 150 participants, and surveys were conducted to obtain demographic and health data. Genotyping was performed using multiplex PCR for the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, and PCR-RFLP for the GSTP1 gene. The results showed that 22% of the participants were smokers, 13% were obese, and 36% were overweight. 82% reported optimal health status, with a difference between smokers and nonsmokers of 86% and 68%, respectively. The frequencies of the null alleles of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were 11% and 13%, respectively, and the G allele of Ile105Val of GSTP1 was the most frequent at 54%. Although no significant difference was found, smokers carrying GSTM1null, GSTT1null, and the Val allele of Ile105Val of GSTP1 showed a deterioration in their health status, reflected by the decrease in participants with optimal health status.