Repercusiones de las políticas públicas en los ámbitos socio económicos y ambientales, por la actividad minera en el cantón Zaruma, provincia de El Oro, Ecuador, período 1991-2024

Abstract

Abstract: This research analyzes social, economic, and environmental aspects of mining activity in the Zaruma canton, referring to the public policies implemented by the state to regulate national and foreign individuals and legal entities engaged in mineral exploitation. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of laws, regulations, and public policies implemented from 1991 to 2024. A quantitative approach was used, using surveys to gather information on the effects of mining. A qualitative approach was used, with interviews with key authorities, and the review and analysis of documents related to the topic. The survey findings showed that a large proportion of the population identifies harmful effects on the environment and health, and also recognizes benefits in job creation and the development of a circular economy. The interviews and bibliographic analysis revealed an inconsistency between the provisions of mining policies and the results in the field. In conclusion, mining contributes significantly to the economy, but its adverse social and environmental impacts on Zaruma are imminent.