Panorama del perfil epidemiológico del dengue en Suramérica. Revisión narrativa

Abstract

Abstract: Dengue is considered a major public health problem worldwide. To provide an overview of the epidemiological profile of dengue in South America over the last 5 years, original and secondary articles published in PubMed/BVS were reviewed. Most research focused on prevention and clinical characteristics. The highest incidence of dengue was reported in Brazil (2022) (254.1 cases/100,000 population) and Colombia (2023) (251.2 cases/100,000 population). Dengue presented similarities with other febrile illnesses. The most notable clinical features were vomiting and myalgia. Other manifestations included fever, headache, gastrointestinal disorders, and loss of appetite. Dengue was associated with four syndromes: generalized febrile illness, fever with arthritis, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever. Research has emphasized vector control: the use and evaluation of insecticide resistance and the implementation of community control programs. Several authors agree that climate-related factors (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and heat waves) could have influenced the incidence/transmission/duration/spread of dengue, affecting the vector's survival and reproduction or affecting people's lifestyles.