Factores de riesgo y medidas de prevención en infecciones estafilocócicas asociadas a catéteres intravasculares. Revisión narrativa

Abstract

Abstract:Risk factors and preventive measures for staphylococcal infections associated with intravascular catheters were reviewed in original and secondary articles published in the last five years in PubMed/BVS. The incidence of CABG (1.2% 30%, rates 0.16 4.97/1,000 catheter-days) and mortality (8.7% 38.3%) varied according to patient characteristics (age, hospitalization area, catheter type, etc.). Hospital stay and costs increased in patients who developed CABG and decreased significantly with the use of prophylaxis. Hospital stay (5.94 days 16.84 days) and costs ( 79/day/hospitalization to $581/day/hospitalization) varied by hospitalization area, catheter type, and prophylaxis. The main risk factors for CABG were cancer and overweight/obesity. Other risk factors included diabetes mellitus, longer hospital stays, use of central catheters, the anatomical region for placement, the number of lumens and length of catheter in situ, and low birth weight/prematurity. For prophylaxis, the use of catheter locking or coating and the implementation of prevention programs were highlighted. Catheter locking with taurolidine was emphasized as an effective measure to reduce infections and with mild and infrequent adverse effects.