Panorama de la resistencia a la vancomicina en cepas de Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Abstract: In recent decades, antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a critical challenge in global healthcare, and Staphylococcus aureus, in particular, has been highlighted for its ability to rapidly evolve in the face of antimicrobials. This study aimed to explore and describe in detail the current landscape of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains, addressing molecular mechanisms, epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical consequences. Geographic variability in resistance prevalence was identified, with higher rates in Africa and Asia. Isolates of VRSA, VISA, and hVISA were identified on different continents. Therefore, case reports underscore the importance of surveillance and ongoing monitoring of vancomycin treatment in hospital settings, as well as among food handlers. The diversity of resistance mechanisms was demonstrated in several studies through the identification of specific genes such as mecA and vanA. Risk factors that increase resistance include prolonged hospital stay, wound depth, and uncontrolled antibiotic use. Overall, this study contributes to the knowledge that guides clinical and policy decisions to combat antimicrobial resistance.