Exposición a plaguicidas y cáncer de próstata: Revisión de estudios en América Latina

Abstract

Abstract: In Latin America, prostate cancer is frequently diagnosed in the male population. Various factors are involved, including genetics, environmental factors, age, race, hormonal factors, etc. Few studies have been conducted in the region, which is home to great ethno-racial and cultural diversity. A literature search found that, regarding environmental factors, exposure to pesticides increases its prevalence. Latin America is a major agricultural producer, with significant expansion of cultivated areas and increasing consumption of fertilizers and pesticides. The studies analyzed highlight herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides, the latter being the most toxic and having the greatest health effects. DDE, a compound in most insecticides, has a positive association with prostate cancer (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.02 2.30). Exposure routes are primarily occupational (fieldwork, agriculture, or manufacturing), ingestion through food, and direct inhalation (without protection). The studies highlight the need for more detailed research and the implementation of preventive measures to reduce the risks associated with pesticide exposure and protect public health.