Condiciones de salud en relación con la infertilidad masculina. Revisión narrativa

Abstract

Abstract: This study reviewed 27 original articles, identifying varicocele as the leading cause of male infertility, followed by metabolic, infectious, environmental, and genetic factors. Obesity negatively affects sperm quality, and adverse associations with infections such as Ureaplasma spp., HPV, and HHV-1 are highlighted. From an anatomical perspective, varicocele is associated with changes in sperm morphology, motility, and DNA damage. Biological and genetic markers provide molecular insights, while environmental and lifestyle factors, such as occupational exposures, tobacco, and chemicals, impact sperm quality. Steroid abuse and sugary beverage consumption negatively affect reproductive health. Occupations in finance, insurance, and sports pose significant risks. Although the review addressed 27 original articles, limitations in the quantity and quality of the available information are acknowledged. Larger studies are suggested to address these limitations and explore the complex interactions between different factors contributing to male infertility. Furthermore, the implementation of public health policies to raise awareness about male infertility and promote healthy lifestyles is proposed.