Efectividad de la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual en la Reducción de los Síntomas del Trastorno Negativista Desafiante en Niños Institucionalizados: Revisión sistemática a partir de la experiencia práctic

Abstract

Abstract:This curricular integration project addresses the problem of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in institutionalized children, identified during pre-professional internships at a child care center. A high prevalence of challenging behaviors, impulsivity, and difficulties in emotional regulation was observed, which prompted the need to analyze effective interventions for this vulnerable population. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to identify the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in reducing ODD symptoms in the context of institutionalization. The findings revealed a notable decrease in aggressive behavior, a strengthening of social skills, and an improvement in self-esteem through structured interventions, the role of caregivers, and group sessions. Based on the evidence, a simulated clinical case of a child with ODD was developed. This case includes identification data, the reason for the consultation, a psychological evaluation where assessment instruments were applied, and a CBT intervention plan tailored to the child was designed. Therefore, the study integrates theory, professional practice, and scientific evidence.