Estudio químico cualitativo y cuantitativo del aceite esencial de Baccharis sinuata

Abstract

Abstract: The present study aimed to identify and describe the chemical and enantiomeric composition of the essential oil of Baccharis sinuata, a species belonging to the Asteraceae family. Extraction was performed by steam distillation, obtaining an average yield of 3.017%, higher than that of other species of the same genus. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 63 compounds were identified, representing 94.55% of the total. Limonene (38.75%) was the major compound, followed by δ-cadinene, γ-cadinene, β-pinene, and bicyclogermacrene. The chemical classification indicated a predominance of hydrocarbon monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes over oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Enantioselective analysis revealed 10 pairs of enantiomers, with (R)-(+)-limonene and (1S,5S)-( )-β-pinene standing out for their high optical purity. These compounds are associated with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anxiolytic properties. The findings provide relevant phytochemical evidence for this species, opening up the possibility of future applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.