Factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de síntomas depresivos en adolescentes con TDAH: Revisión sistemática a partir de la experiencia práctica

Abstract

Abstract:This research addresses the risk factors that contribute to the development of depressive symptoms in adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on practical experience in a school setting, recurring difficulties were identified, such as social isolation, low academic performance and problems with emotional regulation. These findings motivated a systematic literature review to specify which elements increase the likelihood that adolescents with ADHD will develop depression. The studies reviewed showed that factors such as victimization through bullying, low frustration tolerance, hostility, greater severity of ADHD symptoms, sensitivity to injustice and rejection, together with weak school bonding and limited social functioning, are directly related to the appearance of depressive symptoms. In addition, the influence of family and genetic backgrounds is highlighted as predisposing factors. To illustrate the practical application of these findings, a fictitious clinical case of an adolescent with ADHD and mild depressive symptoms was developed, integrating psychological assessment using standardized instruments and an intervention plan based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. This work provides useful information for the early identification of risk factors and the design of preventive and therapeutic strategies for adolescents with ADHD.