Gobierno corporativo y desempeño en ESG: una mirada desde América Latina

Abstract

Abstract: This research analyzes how Corporate Governance influences the ESG (environmental, social, and governance) performance of companies in Latin America, identifying the main theories, approaches, challenges, and opportunities. To achieve the study's objectives, the Proknow-C methodology was applied and a scientometric analysis was performed on 245 documents extracted from the Scopus database and 43 from Web of Science, covering the period between 2010 and 2025. The most applied theories based on the study analysis on topics related to corporate governance and ESG in Latin America stand out: agency theory with a participation percentage of 53% in the reviewed documents, followed by Stakeholder Theory with 18% and Institutional Theory with 12%. These allow to identify the dynamic relationships in business management approaches between shareholders and stakeholders of the organization. Regarding Startup and Family Business Theories, they encompass emotional factors that influence decision-making and the business management of organizations. They focus on the "G" component (governance), followed by the "S" pillar (social), while the environmental (E) dimension is rarely addressed, reflecting a limited view of corporate sustainability in the region. One limitation was the scarce regional academic literature; however, Brazil stands out as the country with the greatest scientific production in this area, positioning itself as a benchmark in the promotion of sustainable practices and good corporate governance.