Motivación en las sentencias emitidas por los jueces de primer nivel en Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract: This thesis analyzes the motivation behind rulings issued by first-level judges in Ecuador, using a labor lawsuit for unfair dismissal as a case study. It assesses how judges base their decisions on legal norms, constitutional principles, and evidence presented during the proceedings, with an emphasis on the guarantee of due process and the protection of labor rights. Through a study of Ruling 11371-2022-00095, it examines the application of standards such as sufficient and proper motivation, and the legal consequences of insufficient motivation. It also highlights the importance of judicial argumentation as a tool for transparency, legitimacy, and fairness in the resolution of labor disputes. Sufficient motivation and adequate motivation differentiate between the minimum justification required for the validity of a decision and a legally justified justification. Likewise, the Court discusses the available means of challenge to correct the judgment's motivation, including reversal, appeal, cassation, and review. Finally, the thesis argues that adequate motivation is not only a formal obligation of judicial authorities, but also an indispensable tool to guarantee transparency and fundamental rights.