Polimorfismos de genes GSTT1, GSTM1 y GSTP1, para la evaluación del riesgo de diabetes mellitus y riesgo cardiovascular

Abstract

Abstract:Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are chronic pathologies with a high prevalence and mortality worldwide. Both share risk factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and physical inactivity, which contribute to an inflammatory environment and oxidative stress. Glutathione S-transferase enzymes are natural endogenous antioxidants that act in cellular detoxification; however, certain variants could alter their protective function, turning them into genetic risk factors for the development of diseases. The GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes, which encode these enzymes, exhibit high genetic variability, so this study evaluated their relationship with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in the Loja population. Thirteen percent were obese and 35% were overweight. The null allele frequencies for GSTM1 and GSTT1 were 11% and 13%, respectively; in GSTP1, the Ile/Val genotype of the Ile105Val polymorphism was the most frequent, at 48%, and the Val allele, at 55%. The presence of the null GSTM1 was significantly associated with a higher BMI, presenting itself as a genetic risk factor for the development of obesity, which, along with lifestyle factors, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.