Impacto de enfermedades de relevancia económica en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) y estrategias de prevención en el cantón Joya de los Sachas en la Provincia de Orellana

Abstract

Abstract: Corn is an economically significant crop in the Joya De Los Sachas canton, Orellana province, where high humidity climatic conditions favor the development of diseases that significantly affect yield and cause considerable economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of diseases on corn crops and identify effective prevention and management strategies. The methodology included an exhaustive literature review, fieldwork in 20 corn plots with visual identification of symptoms, and surveys applied to 30 producers to understand their perception of the diseases present and the management practices employed. Economic losses were analyzed, and evidence-based prevention strategies were developed. The results identified the most relevant diseases as Diplodia (40%), corn rust (23.3%), and tar spot (20%). Attacks occur mainly during flowering (36.7% of reported cases). Integrated strategies were proposed, including crop rotation, removal of infected residues, use of certified seeds, biological control with Trichoderma spp., and rational application of fungicides to minimize environmental impact.