Análisis de riesgos en entornos laborales en el sector de la construcción para detectar la prevención en el diseño y construcción de una edificación en la ciudad de Cuenca Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract: In the construction sector, the presence of hazards and occupational risks has become more increasingly common in recent years. This study aimed to analyse workplace risks in the construction environments to find prevention measures in the design and construction of a building in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. The FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) was used to find potential risks in design plans and the INSST matrix to assess on-site exposure. A sample of 20 people performing activities related to their positions as architects, inspectors, forepersons, and assistants was considered. The results of the FMEA found 15 hazardous activities, with RPN (Risk Priority Number) scores between 140 and 360, showing important levels of risk. These risks include falls, impacts, entrapment, among others. Subsequently, on-site, 31 risks were shown using the INSST matrix, of which 7 were trivial, 13 tolerable, 5 moderate, 5 significant, and 1 intolerable. Preventive measures were set up for risks assessed as moderate, significant, and intolerable, prioritizing collective protection and the company's available resources.