Factores psicosociales que influyen para el abandono de lactancia materna exclusiva y fortalezas que promueven la práctica de lactancia en las madres que acuden al control del niño sano en centros de Salud del área urbana de Loja 2024

Abstract

Abstract: This study examines the psychosocial factors influencing the abandonment and promotion of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Loja, Ecuador. Using a cross-sectional observational quantitative approach, 385 mothers with children up to 24 months old were surveyed in local health institutions. The sample was distributed among five researchers, assigning 77 mothers to each in different institutions, with 79 surveys conducted in this case. The results show a high rate of breastfeeding (86.1%) for more than six months, exceeding international averages. The main barriers identified were the perception of insufficient milk production (17.7%) and returning to work (16.5%). Family support proved crucial, with 69.6% of mothers receiving constant emotional support. However, deficiencies in institutional support were detected, especially in public spaces for breastfeeding. Psychological factors such as irritability (27.8%) and constant worry (36.7%) were prevalent. The study highlights the need for more flexible labor policies and psychological support programs for breastfeeding mothers, providing a basis for improving strategies to promote EBF in Ecuador.