Fuentes de ventaja comparativa y complejidad económica en Perú

Abstract

Abstract: This study analyzes the sources of comparative advantage and Peru's economic complexity index between 2000 and 2020, considering the impact of factors such as biodiversity, human capital, labor productivity, and technological investment. Using a quantitative approach using panel data, two econometric estimates were modeled: one to explain the behavior of exports explained by exports, and another for the Economic Complexity Index as a measure of productive sophistication. The results indicate that the variables human capital and labor productivity have a statistically positive impact on exports in terms of economic complexity; likewise, variables such as biodiversity and investment in research and development positively impact Peru's economic complexity index. This study identifies structural limitations, such as the excessive dependence of this economy on primary resources and low investment in R&D, which hinder the exploitation of comparative advantages. Indeed, the conclusion is that, to achieve economic complexity and resilience, the country must pursue a public policy focused on productive diversification, environmental sustainability, and strengthening of technological capabilities.