Análisis de los Factores de la Violencia Política de Género en el Ecuador, 2021 - 2022

Abstract

Abstract: This thesis addresses Factors of Gender-Based Political Violence (GBPV) in Ecuador during the 2021-2022 electoral period, analyzing the regulatory framework of parity and structural violence. The qualitative research is based on documentary analysis and interviews. The study concludes that GBPV has migrated predominantly to digital and media environments, becoming more sophisticated and widespread. Cyberbullying and defamation are the dominant tools for delegitimization. Simultaneously, the institutional response is ineffective, with an impunity rate of approximately 88.8% in cases heard by the Electoral Disputes Tribunal, due to procedural barriers and the technical incapacity to investigate digital crimes. Intersectionality emerges as an aggravating factor, demonstrating that Indigenous women and LGBTIQ+ women face forms of exclusion that the legal system ignores. This violence causes serious psychological harm, leads to political disengagement, and undermines gender equality in democracy. Finally, this work proposes a comprehensive public policy based on mandatory prevention, strengthening digital sanctions, and providing psychosocial support for violence-free political participation in the country.