Conservación ex situ de semillas de especies endémicas en páramos del Ecuador

Abstract

Abstract: This study analyzes ex situ conservation strategies applicable to seeds of endemic species from the páramos of Ecuador, high-mountain ecosystems with high biodiversity and plant endemism. Through a literature review in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, the main techniques used and the challenges in their implementation were identified. The most commonly used methods are seed banks, cryopreservation, vitrification, and in vitro culture. Their effectiveness depends on the physiological type of the seeds (orthodox, intermediate, or recalcitrant), as well as their size, morphology, moisture content, and tolerance to desiccation. Species such as Polylepis reticulata or Espeletia spp. present limitations that require specialized protocols. Technical, ecological, and economic challenges were identified, such as the lack of standardized protocols, infrastructure, and regulations. However, opportunities exist to strengthen local capacities through partnerships between universities, research centers, and Andean communities. It is concluded that ex situ conservation is a viable and complementary alternative for protecting the plant biodiversity of the páramo, provided it is adapted to the physiological characteristics of the species and based on scientific approaches appropriate to current contexts.