Evaluación de la fatiga laboral y su relación con el rendimiento en turnos rotativos en el sector de la construcción

Abstract

Abstract: Occupational fatigue is a complex problem in the construction sector, particularly with extended hours and rotating shifts, which interrupt normal rest periods and demand significant physical exertion. The pressure to meet project deadlines and the high staff turnover in the province of Pichincha exacerbate the problem, reducing productivity and occupational safety. Many workplace accidents result from human error due to mental and physical fatigue, according to institutional data from the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute (IESS) and the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). This article is based on a qualitative study and a documentary design, with analysis and triangulation of 21 documents (technical guides, scientific articles, and statistical reports). The objective was to identify the factors that promote exhaustion in rotating shift workers on construction sites, its effects, and its impact on performance and production indicators, as well as how it influences operational efficiency, and to lay the groundwork for developing a preventative plan. The review included both national and international evidence, contextualizing the problem in Pichincha and contrasting the empirical results with institutional information. The findings reflect similar patterns: rotating shifts equal fatigue, lower productivity, and increased errors and absences. Mechanisms such as physical exertion, disruption of circadian rhythms, and poor recovery have been widely reported in the literature. Furthermore, although the collected reports differ in context and methodology, overall, work-related fatigue is a psychosocial risk factor in Pichincha with direct implications for occupational health and safety management. Consequently, this evidence-based study supports the development of action plans to restructure rotating shifts, address psychosocial risks, and improve performance.