Impacto de plagas de relevancia económica en rubros productivos agrícolas e identificación de estrategias de prevención y control.

Abstract

Abstract: In this study, we evaluated the economic impact of the main pests on cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) cultivation in the Unión Milagreña parish, Joya de los Sachas canton, Orellana province, identifying moniliasis, black pod rot, and witches' broom as the main phytosanitary threats to yield and quality. According to the study, 75% of producers suffer fruit losses between 10% and more than 50% due to limited phytosanitary management, a focus on chemical control, and limited technical training. It also indicates that Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM) strategies, which integrate biological, cultural, and chemical control as part of a sustainable approach, are necessary to improve profitability and mitigate ecological consequences. It also suggests improving technical assistance, promoting varietal diversification, and organizing producers to maximize resources and capabilities. This research offers a comprehensive diagnosis for formulating policies and programs that promote sustainability and responsible agriculture, the preservation of genetic heritage, and position Ecuadorian cacao in specialized markets.