Análisis de la falta de inclusión financiera y su relación con los préstamos ilegales en los emprendedores del sector popular y solidario de la provincia de Azuay cantón Cuenca, año 2025

Abstract

Abstract: The present study analyzes the lack of financial inclusion and its relationship with illegal loans among entrepreneurs in the popular and solidarity economy sector of the Yanuncay parish, Cuenca canton (2025). The results indicate that exclusion is associated with procedures perceived as bureaucratic, fear of credit rejection, lack of credit history, and insufficient institutional guidance. Regarding access to credit, 51% reported bank financing, 13% financing through cooperatives, and 30% reported having no formal credit. In light of these gaps, illegal lending is characterized by very high interest rates, rapid disbursement without formal requirements, non-transparent conditions, and intimidating collection practices, facilitated by the lender s anonymity. Consequently, its use is explained by urgent liquidity needs, limited alternatives, the costs of formal credit, lack of awareness of risks, and the ease of the process. In this context, respondents also perceive reduced profits, greater instability, and emotional impact, without contributing to business growth.