Impacto de plagas de relevancia económica en rubros productivos agrícolas e identificación de estrategias de prevención y control en cultivos de maíz, en la ciudad de Otavalo, perteneciente a la parroquia San Pablo de Lago

Abstract

Abstract: Maize cultivation is fundamental to the Ecuadorian food supply. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the impact of economically relevant pests on maize (Zea mays) crops in the communities of Cusimpamba and Gualabi, located in the San Pablo de Lago parish. It also aimed to propose sustainable strategies for their prevention and control. A mixed-methods approach was used, including a literature review, direct observation, and surveys of 30 farmers. The results showed that 100% of the producers had experienced pest problems. The most common pests were thrips, fall armyworm, leaf blight, and common rust, affecting the germination stage. Although the economic impact was low, with losses of less than 10%, the use of chemical products and limited institutional support were observed. It was also identified that climate change favors the emergence of new pests. Finally, sustainable strategies are proposed based on Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM), technical training, and the adoption of adaptive practices that strengthen crop productivity and resistance.