Prevención de la deserción escolar en zonas rurales: diagnóstico de factores y diseño de estrategias en la Unidad Educativa García Moreno

Abstract

Abstract: This research analyzed school dropout rates in rural contexts, with the aim of proposing preventative actions for upper basic education students at the García Moreno Educational Unit, located in the Bolívar canton, Carchi province, during the 2024-2025 academic year. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, with a descriptive-correlational and non experimental cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 20 students and 8 teachers. Data collection involved various instruments, including a structured questionnaire for students, semi-structured interviews with teachers, and a participatory workshop focused on the collaborative development of preventative strategies. The results revealed that school dropout is a multi-causal problem, associated with socioeconomic factors such as poverty and child labor, family factors such as migration and lack of support, school-related factors such as pedagogical weaknesses, and personal factors such as teenage pregnancy and student demotivation. Protective factors were also identified, such as a positive school climate and the strengthening of the teacher-student relationship.