Influencia de la microbiota intestinal y mamaria en el cáncer de mama

Abstract

Abstract: This study analyzed the available scientific evidence on the relationship between gut microbiota, breast microbiota, and breast cancer, with the aim of characterizing alterations in microbial composition, describing the biological mechanisms involved, and evaluating possible therapeutic relevance. A narrative review of observational, experimental, and translational studies available in indexed scientific databases was conducted. The included literature showed consistent differences in the diversity and relative abundance of specific taxa in women with breast cancer compared to healthy controls, both at the intestinal and intratumoral levels. Similarly, mechanisms linked to chronic inflammation, estrogen metabolism, bacterial genotoxicity, and immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment are described. In addition, baseline microbial diversity has been linked to variations in response to antineoplastic treatments; however, most of these findings come from observational studies and require prospective validation. These findings support the modulatory role of the microbiota in tumor biology and highlight the need for longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials to validate the usefulness of the microbiota as a clinical biomarker.