Análisis de la eficacia de las nuevas terapias en el tratamiento de la Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica

Abstract

Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons, characterized by the progressive loss of their function, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and ultimately, respiratory failure that results in the patient's death. It is considered a catastrophic disease, and no cure has yet been found. Therefore, this research aims to provide updates on ALS treatments by identifying new drugs and evaluating their efficacy compared to conventional therapies. A review of scientific articles published between 2019 and 2024 was conducted, obtained using formulas in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Virtual Health Library. Forty-three publications were retrieved, of which 29 were clinical trials and 14 were literature reviews. The main findings were: drugs targeting different therapeutic targets and stem cell therapies. It is concluded that new treatments for ALS are grouped into drugs that reduce neuronal damage through different mechanisms and stem cell therapies. Immunological therapies were not conclusive in this review.