Perfil de resistencia a antibióticos en infección de vías urinarias en mujeres embarazadas

Abstract

Abstract: This study is a literature review whose objective was to determine bacterial resistance to antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections in pregnant women. A search was conducted in high-impact databases such as MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science, including full-text original articles published between 2019 and 2024, in English and Spanish. Most of the selected studies had a cross-sectional design and used midstream urine samples. The sample size ranged from 177 to 587 pregnant women. This review addresses the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnant women, the main uropathogens involved, and their resistance to antibiotics. Escherichia coli was the most frequent microorganism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and, to a lesser extent, Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). The results reveal increasing resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ceftriaxone, which reduces therapeutic options and highlights the importance of the rational use of these drugs. The need to base treatment on susceptibility testing and microbiological cultures is emphasized to improve effectiveness and reduce bacterial resistance.