Abordaje multidisciplinario de la ansiedad durante todo el proceso de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Scooping Review

Abstract

Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and debilitating respiratory condition that affects patients' quality of life, generating physical and psychological symptoms such as anxiety. The presence of anxiety in people with COPD is associated with more frequent exacerbations, lower adherence to treatment, and a worse clinical course. In this context, this scoping review aims to identify and map the multidisciplinary approaches used in the management of anxiety in patients with COPD, evaluating the effectiveness of different pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. A systematic search was performed in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and BVS, obtaining 1293 articles, of which 78 met the inclusion criteria. Among the most relevant findings, pulmonary rehabilitation was identified as the most effective non-pharmacological therapy for reducing anxiety in these patients, although some studies did not show significant changes. Innovative strategies such as the use of coils, tai chi, cognitive-behavioral therapy, self-management, and educational support through podcasts and digital applications have also been explored. It is concluded that a multidisciplinary approach combining pulmonary rehabilitation, psychological interventions, and social support strategies is key to improving the quality of life of patients with COPD and anxiety. Furthermore, the importance of including caregivers in interventions is highlighted, as their emotional well-being directly influences the patients' progress.