La Industria 4.0 en la micro empresa. Hoja de ruta

Abstract

Abstract: This thesis proposes a roadmap for the adoption of Industry 4.0 in micro-enterprises in the Ecuadorian footwear sector. The problem lies not in the availability of technology, but rather in the lack of a phased approach that translates digital transformation into actionable decisions, especially when there is limited capital, poorly standardized data, inconsistent training, and labor-intensive processes. Methodologically, the study adopts a feasibility approach, based on a narrative literature review and a case study calibrated with realistic parameters of the Ecuadorian footwear sector. The roadmap is organized into three phases: the initial phase prioritizes standardization and operational control, and the subsequent phases incorporate traceability with basic IIoT and, finally, analytics geared towards continuous improvement through multi-criteria analysis and implementation with Odoo, MQTT, Node-RED, InfluxDB, and Grafana. The contribution shows that the critical prerequisite is to standardize processes and maintain data discipline, so that the ERP functions as an integrating axis at the beginning.