Fuentes de ventaja comparativa y complejidad económica en Latinoamérica: caso Venezuela.

Abstract

Abstract: This research addresses the problem of Venezuela's weak productive diversification, whose export model remains focused on primary resources such as crude oil and scrap metal, reducing its competitive position in international trade. Based on this reality, the objective was to evaluate the sources of comparative advantage as determinants of Venezuela's exports, export complexity, and economic complexity. To achieve this goal, a descriptive and comparative analysis methodology was applied, using tools such as Comparative Advantage (CV) and the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). The results indicate that Venezuela maintains advantages in low-sophistication products and has fallen from 47th to 90th in the global complexity ranking, which limits its potential for sustainable growth. It is concluded that promoting high-value-added exports and improving productive capacities are essential to transforming its economic structure and improving its performance in global markets.