Índice de calidad del empleo para Latinoamérica: evidencia por grupos de edad - Brasil.

Abstract

Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the quality of employment in Brazil during 2022, highlighting the structural disparities that exist across different age groups. The research adopts a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional design, while the methodological design is based on a strictly probabilistic sampling model, using official microdata from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Continua), processed with their respective expansion factors. The assessment was carried out by calculating Farné s Synthetic Employment Quality Index (ICE), which weighs four key dimensions: labor income, contractual stability, access to social security, and hours worked. The results reveal an overall average ICE of 49.24 points out of 100, demonstrating a systemic failure to ensure decent work standards. Thus, the existence of deep market segmentation has been confirmed, with a marked gap between the private wage-earning sector (57.04 points) and the self-employed sector (33.96 points). Demographically, the index describes an inverted U pattern throughout the life cycle, as young people aged 15 to 24 face the most critical levels of precariousness due to barriers to entry, while the older adult group (50 years and older) experiences a marked decline toward vulnerability a disadvantage that affects women more severely. It is concluded that precariousness in Brazil disproportionately affects the extremes of the working-age population, making it necessary to design multidimensional public policies to protect society.