Evaluación de riesgo biológico en los trabajadores recolectores de basura del municipio de Atacames con la metodología Biogaval

Abstract

Abstract: Microorganisms have evolved and developed new forms of adaptation that increase their ability to affect human beings, especially in work activities where protection measures are insufficient. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological risk among garbage collectors of the Atacames municipality using the Biogaval methodology. For this purpose, variables such as the classification of microorganisms, routes of transmission, incidence rate, vaccination coverage, frequency of exposure, and implemented hygiene measures were analyzed. The application of the Biogaval methodology made it possible to identify the presence of Bacillus anthracis, hepatitis, HIV, Mycobacterium spp. (Tuberculosis), and Brucella spp. among garbage collectors. All of them were classified in risk group 3 due to their ability to cause serious diseases. The routes of transmission were analyzed, highlighting Mycobacterium spp. as the agent with the greatest potential for spread. The evaluation of the incidence rate showed a low probability for Bacillus anthracis and Brucella spp., while HIV and tuberculosis presented a higher risk. In addition, deficiencies in hygiene measures were identified, which increase occupational exposure. The study achieved its objective of determining the level of biological risk in solid waste collection workers, obtaining an average value of 6.6, which does not exceed the established biological exposure limit. However, the results showed a moderate exposure to biological agents due to constant contact with potentially contaminated waste and certain practices carried out during the workday. Likewise, deficiencies were identified in hygiene measures and in the condition or proper use of personal protective equipment. Finally, the Biogaval methodology proved to be a practical, accessible, and efficient tool for the assessment of occupational biological risks. Keywords: biological risk, occupational health, Biogaval.